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Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪:具有高镉适应性的入侵草的叶片功能特性
发表时间:2022-12-20 11:11:40点击:739
Dualex是一款源自于法国国家科学院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大学技术,由奥地利PESSL公司生产(原法国Force-A公司)开发的新型多功能叶片测量仪。它可同时准确测量叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片表层的类黄酮和花青素含量,适用于植物生理学和农学(如水稻叶绿素浓度,玉米氮素状况,葡萄藤等)相关研究。其测量对象可以是单子叶植物,双子叶植物或多年生植物。这款设备简单易用,可进a行实时和非破坏性测量。由于不需要校准标定和事先的样品制备,测量工作可在实验室或现场完成。此外,该设备在各种温度的和环境光照条件下均可进行简单、快速、无损测量叶片中的叶绿素、多酚以及花青素。
具有高镉适应性的入侵草的叶片功能特性
摘要
人类工业化和城市化导致的重金属(HM)污染以及植物入侵可能严重威胁当地植物的生长和适应。外来入侵植物物种通常在引入范围内的非污染环境中表现出与其功能特征一致的生长模式。然而,目前尚不清楚外来入侵植物在污染环境中是否比本地植物具有优势,以及这种生长模式是否取决于其叶片功能特性的适应。在这里,我们选择了两对入侵的外来和本地草,在中国,它们自然共存,通常生长在受污染的土壤中。为了评估镉(Cd)对叶片结构和生理特性的影响,我们在没有或含有80mg/kg镉的土壤中种植了所有四种植物。入侵植物在所有三个器官(叶、茎和根)中都含有明显更高浓度的镉。它们显示出比本地物种更高的茎、根转移因子和生物富集因子(BCF),表明入侵物种是潜在的镉超积累者。入侵植物积累的多酚氧化酶(PPO)水平高于本地植物,并表现出类似的叶片结构和生理特性模式,以响应镉生物浓度的变化。入侵植物的可量化叶片结构特征显著大于本地植物(气孔密度和死叶数除外)。4周后,在镉胁迫条件下,入侵植物的叶片生理特性、叶绿素含量和类黄酮含量也显著高于本地植物,尽管氮平衡指数(NBI)在两个物种之间没有显著差异。叶绿素荧光参数降低,除了光系统II的量子产量(ΦPSII)和开放光系统II(qP)的比例(在镉胁迫条件下,这两个物种的比例都增加了)。然而,在镉胁迫下,入侵植物表现出比本地植物更高的荧光参数,并且在镉胁迫中,入侵植物的荧光衰减大于本地植物。入侵草对本地植物的高镉适应表明,入侵植物具有最佳的叶片结构和生理特性,这使它们能够比本地植物更快地适应胁迫条件和捕获资源。这项研究进一步强调了外来植物在引入范围内受污染土壤环境中的潜在入侵。在一定程度上,一些非侵入性外来植物可能会适应含金属环境,并在受污染环境中的植物修复项目中充当重金属超积累的候选植物。
关键词:生物富集因子,镉,叶片功能特性,植物修复,生理反应
Leaf Functional Traits of Invasive Grasses Conferring High-Cadmium Adaptation Over Natives
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination resulting from industrialization and urbanization during the Anthropocene along with plant invasion can severely threaten the growth and adaptation of local flora. Invasive alien plant species generally exhibit a growth pattern consistent with their functional traits in non-contaminated environments in the introduced range. However, it remains unclear whether invasive alien plants have an advantage over native plants in contaminated environments and whether this growth pattern is dependent on the adaptation of their leaf functional traits. Here, we selected two congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native grasses that naturally co-exist in China and are commonly found growing in contaminated soil. To evalsuate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structural and physiological leaf traits, we grew all four species in soil contaminated without or with 80 mg/kg Cd. Invasive plants contained significantly higher concentrations of Cd in all three organs (leaf, stem, and root). They displayed a higher transfer factor and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of shoot and root than natives, indicating that invasive species are potential Cd hyperaccumulators. Invasive plants accumulated polyphenol oxidase (PPO) to higher levels than natives and showed similar patterns of leaf structural and physiological traits in response to changes in Cd bioconcentration. The quantifiable leaf structural traits of invasive plants were significantly greater (except for stomatal density and number of dead leaves) than native plants. Leaf physiological traits, chlorophyll content, and flavonoid content were also significantly higher in invasive plants than in natives under Cd stress conditions after 4 weeks, although nitrogen balance index (NBI) showed no significant difference between the two species. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, except for the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and the proportion of open photosystem II (qP), which increased under Cd stress conditions in both species. However, invasive plants exhibited higher fluorescence parameters than natives under Cd stress, and the decrement observed in invasive plants under Cd stress was greater than that in natives. High Cd adaptation of invasive grasses over natives suggests that invasive plants possess optimal leaf structural and physiological traits, which enable them to adapt to stressful conditions and capture resources more quickly than natives. This study further emphasizes the potential invasion of alien plants in contaminated soil environments within the introduced range. To a certain extent, some non-invasive alien plants might adapt to metalliferous environments and serve as hyperaccumulator candidates in phytoremediation projects in contaminated environments.
Keywords: bioconcentration factor, cadmium, leaf functional traits, phytoremediation, physiological response
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